Unit 3 A day out
【知识讲解】
1.What are you doing?有两个含义:
①What are you doing?你在干什么?表示动作正在进行。
I’m writing a letter.我在写信。
②What are you doing?你将要干什么?(你打算干什么?)表示动作还未发生。
I’m going to exercise.我要去锻炼。
2. I’m going to exercise.我要去锻炼。
exercise有以下几种意思:
①不及物动词,“练习,锻炼”。例如:I need to exercise.我需要锻炼。
②及物动词,“训练,锻炼”。例如:
exercise the voice吊嗓
exercise boys in swimming训练男孩游泳
③名词,“体格锻炼,运动”。例如:
Walking is good exercise.散步是很好的运动。
“体操,(一种)运动”。例如:
physical exercises语法练习
do morning exercises做早操
“习题,练习(教材)”(可数名词)。例如:
an exercise in grammar语法练习
do exercises做练习,做习题
“练习,实习”(可数名词)。例如:
exercises for the violin小提琴练习
exercises on the piano钢琴练习
3. You need to exercise and keep fit.你需要锻炼身体,保持健康。
need①情态动词,(无第三人称单数、过去式和现在分词,通常用于否定句和疑问句),“必须,需要”。例如:
You needn’t go yet, need you? 你不一定要去,是吗?
Need you look after your children on Sunday? 星期天你需要照看孩子吗?
②及物动词,“需要,要”。The garden needs rain.花园需要雨水。
“必要;必须”。It needs to be done carefully.此事必须仔细地做。
“值得;该有”。The thief needs a good beating.这小偷应被好好揍一顿。
③名词,“需要;困境”(不可数名词)。There’s no need for you to wait.你不必等。
(用复数)“必需品;要求”。We bought some needs yesterday.昨天我们买了些必需品。
My needs are few.我的需要很少。
keep fit“保持健康”=keep healthy.
4. Come on, Hobo. Let’s enjoy ourselves. 快来吧,霍波,让我们玩得开心点。
enjoy oneself=have a good/great time, have fun, 表示“玩得愉快”,ourselves 是反身代词,在句中作谓语动词enjoy的宾语,“我们自己”。其他反身代词还有 myself (我自己),yourself (你自己),yourselves (你们自己),himself (他自己), herself (她自己),themselves(他们自己)。作同位语时,表示“亲自”。例如:
He enjoyed himself during the weekend.在周末他玩得很高兴。
I will go there myself.我将亲自去那儿。
5.Yesterday I took a boat trip under the famous Bridge and went past the Opera House.昨天我坐船游览了著名的海港大桥并经过悉尼歌剧院。
①take a boat trip “坐船旅行”,类似的短语还有take a bus/train trip, go on a trip. “trip ”多指来往有定期的短途旅行。
②go past“走过,路过,经过”。Kate went past the shop.凯特路过那个商店。
6.We are setting in a little coffee shop by the River Seine.我们正坐在赛纳河边的一个小咖啡店。
①a little一点儿;稍微
例如:There is a little water in the cup. 杯子里有一些水。
This dress is a little short for me.这件衣服对我来说短了一点。
〖注意〗little和a little的区别。两个词虽都有“一点儿”,但前者侧重于“极少、几乎没有”,含有否定之意;而后者a little强调虽然不多但却“有一点”,有肯定的含义。例如:
There is a little water in the glass.杯子里有点水。
There is little water in the glass.杯子里几乎没有水。
②by the River Seine在赛纳河边
by介词,“靠近;在……旁边”:She sits by the windows.她坐在那扇窗子旁边。其它含义:
“乘(车、船等交通工具)”:Tom often goes to school by bike.汤姆常骑自行车上学。
“在……时间;在……期间”:The enemy attacked by night.敌人夜间来袭。
“(指时间)不迟于”:Can you finish the work by tomorrow?你能在明天以前把工作做完吗?
“(用于被动语态)被”:The blackboard was broken by sb.黑板被人打破了。
“(表示方法、手段等)用;靠”:He makes a living by teaching.他靠教书为生。
7. I am having a wonderful time here.我在这儿过得非常愉快。
have a wonderful time=have a good/nice/great time“玩得高兴,过得愉快”。
同义词组:enjoy oneself, have fun
例如:昨天我们在公园里玩得很高兴。可以译为:
Yesterday we had a good time in the park.
= Yesterday we enjoyed ourselves in the park.
= Yesterday we had fun in the park.
8.Kitty’s teacher Mr. Wu invited me to join in their school trip to the World Park.凯蒂的老师吴老师邀请我和他们的校旅游团一起去了世界公园。
invite sb to do sth“邀请某人干某事”。例如:
They warmly invited us to come and live with them.他们热情地邀请我们去和他们同住。
9.It was a great day but we did not enjoy it at the beginning.
这是非常棒的一天,可是在开始时我并不高兴。
beginning名词,“开端;开始;起点”。例如:
Now it is beginning of the new term.现在是新学期的开始。
at the beginning (of)“在……开始时”。例如:
At the beginning of the twentieth century, China began to use machines.
在二十世纪初,中国才开始使用机器。
10.Kitty and I felt sick of most of the trip.凯蒂和我一路上大部分时间都感到不舒服。
sick形容词,“恶心的;呕吐的”。feel sick 系表词组,“晕车;感到恶心、呕吐”。例如:
We began to feel sick as soon as the ship started to move.船一起航,我们就觉得要呕吐。
“不适的;患病的”。例如:
He’s a sick man.他是个病人。
She has been sick for six weeks.她已病了六周。
11. It was made of metal and really tall.它是金属做的并且是如此的高。
be made of“由……制造;”(能看出原材料):
Most of the bottles are made of glass.多数瓶子是由玻璃制造的。(瓶子还能看出玻璃)
made的固定搭配还有:
①be made in制造于:This car is made in the U.S.这辆车是美国制造的。
②be made (up)of“由……组成;由……构成”:
Every class is made up of 50 students in the school.该校每班有50名学生。
③be made from“由……制造”(不能看出原材料):
The wine is made from grapes.这酒是由葡萄制的。(酒里面看到葡萄)
12. When the coach stopped, we all got off quickly.旅游车一停下,我们都迅速下了车。
get off“下车;下来”:
I’ll get off at the next station.我要在下一站下车。
get的固定搭配还有:
①get back“返回;回来”:
I’ll get back from Shanghai in two weeks.两周后我将从上海回来。
②get down“下来;下车”:
He can’t get down. Can you help him?他下不来了,你能帮帮他吗?
③get up“起床;起立”:I get up at six o’clock every morning.我每天早上六点起床。
④get ready for“为……准备好”:You go and get ready for the trip.你去旅行做好准备。
⑤get out“出来;拿出来”:
A young man got out.一个年轻人出来了。
He got out his book.他拿出他的书。
⑥get on with sb.“与某人相处”:
How are you getting on with your classmates?你和你的同学相处得怎么样?
13.There are over a hundred places of interest from all over the world.
这儿有来自世界各地的一百多处名胜古迹。
over=more than,“多于,超过”。例如:
He spoke for over one hour.他说了一个多钟头。
places of interest名胜古迹:
There are many places of interest in China.中国有许多名胜古迹。
14.Kitty’s classmate Daniel taught himself how to make a home page.
凯蒂的同学丹尼尔自学如何做主页。
teach oneself=learn by oneself“自学”
I teach myself English.=I learn English by myself.我自学英语。
15.It was interesting to see so many places of interest from all over the world.
能看到来自全世界的这么多的名胜真有趣。
so形容词(表示程度)那(这)么,那样:
Don’t speak so fast.别说得那么快。
I’ve never seen so beautiful a city.=I’ve never seen such a beautiful city.
我从未见过这么漂亮的城市。
〖注意〗so和such的区别:
such修饰名词(单数、复数或不可数名词):
such a man这样的一个人
such flowers那样的花
shut the window with such force关窗关得这么重
so修饰形容词或副词:
He runs so quickly.他跑得很快。
Bob is so tall.鲍勃个子这么高。
“so+形容词”可修饰名词:
|形容词+a(n)+可数名词单数
so+{many或few+可数名词复数
|much或little+不可数名词
such a nice city=so nice a city如此美丽的城市
such a lot of people=so many people这么多人
There is so little water left.剩下的水不多了。
so much water这么多水
16.You can take a taxi around the center of Beijing to learn more about old Beijing.
你可以乘出租车绕北京市中心去更多地了解古老的北京。
around介词,“在……周围,环绕”。如:
There are a lot of trees and flowers around our school.在我们学校周围有许多树和鲜花。
〖注意〗round和around的区别:
round和around是兼类词,兼作副词和介词,有“周围,围绕”的意思。作副词时用来作状语,置于动词之后,说明动作的范围;作介词时,后作名词或代词,一起构成介词短语,用来作表语、定语、状语等。round是英国用法,around是美国用法。如:
The dog looks round(或around)and run away.那条狗朝周围看了一下,跑掉了。(round和around为副词)
Next year they will travel round(或around) the world.明天他们将环球游行。(round和around为介词)
17.Thank you for agreeing to let me go on the trip today, Mr Wu.
吴老师,谢谢您同意让我今天旅游。
trip名词,(可数名词)旅行;(尤指)远足:a weekend trip周末旅行
〖注意〗trip, travel和journey的区别:
三个词都有“旅行,旅游”的意思。trip是指较短距离的旅行,在比较随便、通俗的用法中,它常用以代替journey。如:
We’ll make a trip on Sunday.这个星期天我们将去旅游。
travel“旅行,游历”,单数形式泛指一行为或过程,而不指某一次具体旅行;表示某次具体旅行时常用复数,通常指到远方去或长时间的旅行;它没有直接到某地旅行的含义,而是到各处旅行游历的意思。如:
Travel was slow and dangerous in England a thousand years ago.
一千年前英国旅行既费时又危险。
Journey是比较正式的用语,通常指较长距离的陆路,海路或飞行,并且是有预定地点的长途旅行。如:
He went on a long journey.他进行了一次长途旅行。
18.I hope to watch the sunset.我希望看日出。
to watch是动词不定式,在句中作谓语动词hope的宾语。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能作谓语,但仍保留动词的特点,即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。下列动词后可以跟动词不定式作宾语:want, plan, agree, decide, choose, hope, learn, prepare, begin, try, like.例如:
She wanted to borrow my CD player.她想借我的CD机。
They decide to help the old man.他们决定帮助那位老人。
We planned to leave at 3 p.m.我们计划下午三点离开。
I hope to watch the sunset.我希望看日落。 |